I finally found the time to sit down and work it out. There is a nice explanation on the Drupal website and to a large extent I followed the 'best possible' solution there. My post adds some extra points you should know.
Let's Encrypt
I've covered the topic of Let's Encrypt in some detail in other places on this blog, so there's no need for me to cover this off. Get your certificate from Let's Encrypt and make sure that your webserver (in my case apache2) is using the certificate and responds to the https:// form of your Drupal website.Go Full Encryption
As I mentioned above, the explanation on the Drupal website is a good place to start. I fiddled around with the Secure Login module and also with using $conf['https'] = TRUE; in the settings.php file. In the end the "best possible security" option was the simplest and strongest solution.Redirect Everything To HTTPS
Take the information from the Drupal website and implement the VirtualHost configuration to redirect all HTTP to HTTPS. Invoking the "Redirect" example on the VirtualHost, rather than the "Rewrite" example is easier and more elegant.Mixed Content Problems
It's at this point that you may encounter mixed content problems, meaning that the Drupal site will not render correctly and have a yellow icon where the green padlock should be in the URL bar.There are two things to do. The first thing is to check for objects that are actually loading over HTTP. If you're using Firefox, press F12 to load firebug and you can audit/search the source of the page for "http" objects. Do not confuse an http link to an external site (such as in an <a href..> tag) with content that is actually loading.
Mixed content means that your page has actually caused the browser to download an object from over HTTP instead of HTTPS. In my case I discovered a logo image present on every page had a hard-coded http:// address. Once I fixed that, I still had mixed content errors.
The next thing to change is the $base_url of your Drupal site, to indicate a default to https on all urls. This should have the effect of changing all the relative links that Drupal generates on the fly when rendering pages.
/etc/drupal/7/sites/moff.tech/settings.php:
$base_url = 'https://moff.tech';In my case, these two steps got me the green padlock. It's possible that your install could have hard-coded HTTP object sources inside pages. All of that would need to be tidied up and depending on the size of your site a tedious exercise.
Good luck and please do share here any tips (war stories) from your experience!
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